\chapter{Ļ‰Î‰ž ũ‰‘õ‰€‰Ņ‰Ý õ‰·‰Ü‰ķ“‰€‰Āý Š‰Āų \label{tin}}
ĒĪ õ‰ą‰‘Ÿ‰ķ õ‰Â“‰Ŋ “‰‚ \InE{}GIS\EnE{} ø û‰€‰ĀĻ‰‚ý õ‰―‰‘Ļ‰ą‰‘—‰ü, þ‰Ø‰ü Ĩ õ‰ą‰‘Ÿ‰ķ õ‰ú‰Ý, 'Ĩõ‰ƒ‰ß"\footnote{\InE{}Terrain\EnE{}}
ø õ‰Āņû‰‘ý õ‰ģ‰ƒ‰—‰Âý ö Ļ‰ī. ĒĪ “‰Æ‰ƒ‰‘Īý Ĩ õ‰ĪĒ ĒĪ Ļ‰ƒ‰Æ‰ĩ‰Ýû‰‘ý \InE{}GIS\EnE{} ũ‰ƒ‰‘Ĩ “‰‚ þ‰ß
ĒĪþ‰Ý  ũ‰Ö‰Č‰‚ý ė‰Æ‰Þ‰ĩ‰ü Ĩ Ĩõ‰ƒ‰ß Ī “‰‚ õ‰ģ‰ƒ‰—‰Â øĪĒ ‰ƒ‰Ý ø •‰ÂĒĨĐû‰‘ý Ą‰‘Ž‰ü
Ī Īøý ö ũ‰đ‰‘ô Ēû‰ƒ‰Ý. ó‰Ú‰Īþ‰ĩ‰Ýû‰‘ý “‰Æ‰ƒ‰‘Īý “‰Â Īøý ũ‰Ö‰Č‰‚û‰‘ý Ĩõ‰ƒ‰ß ä‰Þ‰Û õ‰ü‰€‰Ā.
ó‰ą‰ĩ‰‚ û‰Â þ‰Ũ Ĩ þ‰ß ó‰Ú‰Īþ‰ĩ‰Ýû‰‘ “‰Â Īøý þ‰Ũ õ‰Āņ Ĩ Ĩõ‰ƒ‰ß Ī õ‰ü‰€‰Ā. õ‰Āņû‰‘ý
õ‰ĩ‰Ô‰‘ø—‰ü “‰Âý Ĩõ‰ƒ‰ß ø›‰Ē ĒĪĒ  Ĩ “‰ƒ‰ß öû‰‘, Ļ‰‚ õ‰Āņ Ĩ û‰Þ‰‚ õ‰ã‰Þ‰ņ—‰Â û‰Æ‰ĩ‰€‰Ā:
Š‰ą‰Ø‰‚ý õ‰€‰Ņ‰Ý õ‰Â“‰ã‰ü\footnote{\InE{}Regular Square Grid\EnE{}}, 
õ‰Āņ Ą‰Î‰Ŋ î‰Âũ‰‚\footnote{\InE{}Contour Lines Model\EnE{}}, ø 
Ļ‰Î‰ž ũ‰‘õ‰€‰Ņ‰Ý õ‰·‰Ü‰ķ“‰€‰Āý Š‰Āų. ĒĪ þ‰ß ę‰Ę‰Û ĒĪ “‰ŋ‰Į \ref{models} þ‰ß õ‰Āņû‰‘ 
Ī “‰ÂĪĻ‰ü Ą‰û‰ƒ‰Ý î‰ÂĒ. ĒĪ “‰ŋ‰Į \ref{storing}, ĪøĐû‰‘ý ũ‰Ú‰‚ĒĪý \InE{}TIN\EnE{} ĒĪ Ÿ‰‘ę‰Ņ‰‚ õ‰ĪĒ
“‰ÂĪĻ‰ü ė‰ÂĪ Ą‰û‰Ā ð‰Âę‰ī. ĒĪ “‰ŋ‰Į \ref{conversion} ũ‰ƒ‰Ã “‰‚ õ‰Æ‰ĸ‰Ü‰‚ý —‰ą‰Āþ‰Û “‰ƒ‰ß þ‰ß
õ‰Āņû‰‘ Ą‰û‰ƒ‰Ý •‰ÂĒĄ‰ī.

\section{\label{models} õ‰Āņû‰‘ý Ĩõ‰ƒ‰ß}
û‰Þ‰‘öωĪ  ð‰Ô‰ĩ‰ƒ‰Ý, õ‰Āņû‰‘ý õ‰ŋ‰ĩ‰Ü‰Ô‰ü “‰Âý ĢĄ‰ƒ‰ÂųĻ‰‘Ĩý Ï‰…䉑– õ‰Â“‰Ŋ “‰‚ Ĩõ‰ƒ‰ß
ø›‰Ē ĒĪĒ  Ļ‰‚ —‰‘ Ĩ öû‰‘ õ‰Āņû‰‘ý õ‰ã‰Âø闉Âý û‰Æ‰ĩ‰€‰Ā. ĒĪ þ‰ß “‰ŋ‰Į “‰‚ “‰ÂĪĻ‰ü
þ‰ß Ļ‰‚ õ‰Āņ Ą‰û‰ƒ‰Ý •‰ÂĒĄ‰ī ø ĒĪ ũ‰ĩ‰ú‰‘ ũ‰ƒ‰Ã õ‰Āņû‰‘ý Ļ‰Ü‰Æ‰Ü‰‚õ‰Â—‰ą‰ü Ī õ‰ã‰Âę‰ü
Ą‰û‰ƒ‰Ý î‰ÂĒ.

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\section{\label{storing} ũ‰Ú‰‚ĒĪý \InE{}TIN\EnE{} ĒĪ Ÿ‰‘ę‰Ņ‰‚}
ĒĪ þ‰ß “‰ŋ‰Į ĒĪ“‰‘Īųý ĪøĐû‰‘ý ũ‰Ú‰‚ĒĪý \InE{}TIN\EnE{} ĒĪ Ÿ‰‘ę‰Ņ‰‚ “‰―‰ķ Ą‰û‰ƒ‰Ý î‰ÂĒ.
þ‰Ũ ĪøĐ Ļ‰‘Ēų “‰Âý ũ‰Ú‰‚ĒĪý þ‰Ũ \InE{}TIN\EnE{} ĒĪ Ÿ‰‘ę‰Ņ‰‚, þ‰ß Ļ‰ī  õ‰ŋ‰ĩ‰Ę‰‘– ĪŽ‰§
\InE{}TIN\EnE{} Ī ũ‰Ú‰‚ĒĪý ‰ƒ‰Ý ø õ‰·‰Ü‰ķ“‰€‰Āý Ī ũ‰ƒ‰Ã “‰‘ ĢĄ‰ƒ‰Âųý Š‰Þ‰‘Īųý Ļ‰‚ Ī\hamze § û‰Â þ‰Ũ Ĩ
õ‰·‰Ü‰ķû‰‘ ũ‰Ú‰‚ĒĪý ‰ƒ‰Ý. “‰‘ þ‰ß ĪøĐ, û‰Þ‰‚ý Ï‰…䉑– \InE{}TIN\EnE{} Ī ĒĪ ę‰Ė‰‘ý î‰Þ‰ü )Ĩ \InE{}$O(n)$\EnE{}(
ũ‰Ú‰‚ õ‰üĒĪþ‰Ý. û‰Þ‰ƒ‰ß ĪøĐ “‰Âý “‰Æ‰ƒ‰‘Īý Ĩ Ī“‰ÂĒû‰‘ ę‰ü Ļ‰ī. “‰Âý õ‰·‰‘ņ ĒĪ ó‰Ú‰Īþ‰ĩ‰Ý
õ‰Ū‰á þ‰ß •‰‘þ‰‘öũ‰‘õ‰‚ ũ‰ƒ‰Ã Ĩ û‰Þ‰ƒ‰ß ĪøĐ Ļ‰ĩ‰Ô‰‘Ēų î‰ÂĒųþ‰Ý. øó‰ü ĒĪ “‰ã‰Ė‰ü õ‰ĪĒ
 ũ‰ƒ‰‘Ĩ “‰‚ þ‰ß ĒĪþ‰Ý  Ï‰…䉑– “‰ƒ‰Č‰ĩ‰Âý Ī ĒĪ“‰‘Īųý \InE{}TIN\EnE{} 
“‰‘ Ļ‰Âä‰ī “‰‘„ “‰‚ ĒĻ‰ī “‰ƒ‰‘øĪþ‰Ý, õ‰ü—‰ũ‰ƒ‰Ý Ĩ Ļ‰‘Ą‰ĩ‰Þ‰‘ö ĒĒųû‰‘ý Ēþ‰Ú‰Âý  “‰Âý
þ‰ß õ‰€‰Ņ‰Ī ø›‰Ē ĒĪĒ Ļ‰ĩ‰Ô‰‘Ēų ‰ƒ‰Ý. 

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\section{\label{conversion} —‰ą‰Āþ‰Û “‰ƒ‰ß õ‰Āņû‰‘ý õ‰ŋ‰ĩ‰Ü‰Ó}
þ‰Ø‰ü Ĩ õ‰Æ‰ĸ‰Ü‰‚û‰‘ý õ‰ú‰Þ‰ü  ĒĪ “‰―‰ķ õ‰ĀņĻ‰‘Ĩý Ļ‰Î‰ž Ĩõ‰ƒ‰ß õ‰Î‰Âž õ‰üŠ‰Ē, õ‰Æ‰ĸ‰Ü‰‚ý —‰ą‰Āþ‰Û
õ‰Āņû‰‘ “‰‚ þ‰Ø‰Āþ‰Ú‰Â Ļ‰ī. õ‰Āņû‰‘ý õ‰ĩ‰Ô‰‘ø– ĒĪ ó‰Ú‰Īþ‰ĩ‰Ýû‰‘ý õ‰ŋ‰ĩ‰Ü‰Ó Ī“‰ÂĒ ĒĪũ‰Ā ø
û‰Þ‰ŧ‰€‰ƒ‰ß õ‰€‰‘“‰â Ï‰…䉑—‰ü õ‰ŋ‰ĩ‰Ü‰Ô‰ü  Ï‰…䉑– õ‰Â“‰Ŋ “‰‚ Ļ‰Î‰ž Ĩõ‰ƒ‰ß Ī “‰‚ õ‰‘ õ‰üĒû‰€‰Ā,
Ï‰…䉑– Ī “‰‚ Š‰ƒ‰ųû‰‘ý ð‰ũ‰‘ð‰ö ĒĪ Ą‰ĩ‰ƒ‰‘Ī õ‰‘ ė‰ÂĪ õ‰üĒû‰€‰Ā. “‰Âý õ‰·‰‘ņ ð‰Â Ï‰…䉑–
õ‰Â“‰Ŋ “‰‚ Ļ‰Î‰ž Ĩõ‰ƒ‰ß Ī Ĩ þ‰Ũ ũ‰Ö‰Č‰‚ý ›‰į‰Âę‰ƒ‰‘þ‰ü Ļ‰ĩ‰ŋ‰Âš î‰ÂĒų “‰‘Š‰ƒ‰Ý, Ï‰…䉑– “‰‚ Ž‰Ī–
Ą‰Î‰Ŋ î‰Âũ‰‚ Ļ‰ī ø þ‰‘ ð‰Â “‰‘ Ļ‰€‰đ‰Į Ĩ ĒøĪ\footnote{\InE{}Remote Sensing\EnE{}} þ‰ß
Ï‰…䉑– Ī “‰‚ ĒĻ‰ī øĪĒų “‰‘Š‰ƒ‰Ý, Ï‰…䉑– ä‰Þ‰õ‰\nasb ‘ “‰‚ Ž‰Ī– Š‰ą‰Ø‰‚ý õ‰€‰Ņ‰Ý õ‰Â“‰ã‰ü Ļ‰ī.
û‰Þ‰ŧ‰€‰ƒ‰ß č‰Ü‰° ó‰Ú‰Īþ‰ĩ‰Ýû‰‘ý û‰€‰ĀĻ‰ü “‰‘ õ‰Āņ \InE{}TIN\EnE{} Ī õ‰ü‰€‰Ā. “‰€‰‘“‰Âþ‰ß ũ‰ƒ‰‘Ĩ “‰‚
—‰ą‰Āþ‰Û þ‰ß õ‰Āņû‰‘ “‰‚ û‰Þ‰Āþ‰Ú‰Â Ÿ‰Æ‰‘§ õ‰üŠ‰Ē.

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